接口自动化测试-Requests模块实战详解，一篇打通...

目录：导读

前言

什么是requests？

requests是一个很实用的Python HTTP客户端库，编写爬虫和测试服务器响应数据时经常会用到， Requests是Python语言的第三方的库，专门用于发送HTTP请求

下载

pip install requests

请求方式

1、get请求

# GET无参请求
r = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com')

# GET有参请求

# 方法一
canshu = {"consName": "水瓶座","key":26183f3f48d787b5541aa3d0e767b359}
r = requests.get("http://web.juhe.cn:8080/constellation/getAll", params=canshu)
print(r)

# 方法二
r = requests.get("http://web.juhe.cn:8080/constellation/getAll?consName=水瓶座&key=26183f3f48d787b5541aa3d0e767b359")
print(r.text)

2、post请求

canshu = {"consName": "水瓶座", "key": "26183f3f48d787b5541aa3d0e767b359"}
r = requests.post("http://web.juhe.cn:8080/constellation/getAll", data=canshu)
print(r.text)

3、响应的内容

r.encoding                       # 获取当前的编码
r.encoding = 'utf-8'             # 设置编码
r.text                           # 以encoding解析返回内容。字符串方式的响应体，会自动根据响应头部的字符编码进行解码。
r.content                        # 以字节形式（二进制）返回。字节方式的响应体，会自动为你解码 gzip 和 deflate 压缩。

r.headers                        # 以字典对象存储服务器响应头，但是这个字典比较特殊，字典键不区分大小写，若键不存在则返回None

r.status_code                     # 响应状态码
r.raw                             # 返回原始响应体，也就是 urllib 的 response 对象，使用 r.raw.read()   
r.ok                              # 查看r.ok的布尔值便可以知道是否登陆成功
 #*特殊方法*#
r.json()                         # Requests中内置的JSON解码器，以json形式返回,前提返回的内容确保是json格式的，不然解析出错会抛异常
r.raise_for_status()             # 失败请求(非200响应)抛出异常

4、超时设置

requests.get(url,timeout=1) # 超过等待时间则报错

5、添加请求头信息

requests.get(url,headers=headers) # 设置请求头

6、添加文件

requests.post(url, files=files) # 添加文件

7、文件传输

url = 'http://httpbin.org/post' 
files = {'file': open('report.xls', 'rb')} 
r = requests.post(url, files=files)

requests+pytest+allure框架

1、读取csv文件

"""存储csv数据"""
url,params,method
http://web.juhe.cn:8080/constellation/getAll,{"consName":"水瓶座","key":26183f3f48d787b5541aa3d0e767b359},get
http://japi.juhe.cn/qqevaluate123/qq,{"qq":1640484095,"key":1e5a939231f3a1bf225050d7fe92f569},post

"""读取数据"""
import csv


class ReadCsvClass():
    def readCsv(self):
        li = []
        csv_open = csv.reader(open("../dataDemo/saveCSV.csv", "r", encoding="utf-8"))
        for i in csv_open:
            li.append(i)
        li = li[1:]
        return li


r = ReadCsvClass()
print(r.readCsv())

"""request请求接口返回状态码"""
import requests
from readDemo.readCsv import ReadCsvClass

r = ReadCsvClass()
cm = r.readCsv()


class CsvRequestsClass():
    def csvRequests(self):
        item = []
        for i in cm:
            if i[-1] == "get":
                res = requests.get(url=i[0], params=i[1])
                item.append(res.status_code)
            else:
                res = requests.post(url=i[0], data=i[1])
                print(res.url)
                item.append(res.status_code)
        return item


c = CsvRequestsClass()
cc = c.csvRequests()
print(cc)

"""pytest断言设置并结合allure生成测试报告"""
import pytest
import os
from useRequests.csvrequests import CsvRequestsClass

c = CsvRequestsClass()
cc = c.csvRequests()


class TestCSVClass():
    def testCsv(self):
        for i in cc:
            assert i == 200


if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main(['--alluredir', '../reportCsv/result', 'test_csv.py'])
    split = 'allure ' + 'generate ' + '../reportCsv/result ' + '-o ' + '../reportCsv/html ' + '--clean'
    os.system(split)

2、读取Excel文件

存储Excel数据

"""读取Excel数据"""
from openpyxl import load_workbook


class ReadExcelClass():
    def readExcel(self):
        # 打开表
        workbook = load_workbook(r'F:\day--26\requests_test\dataDemo\saveExcel.xlsx')
        # 定位表单
        sheet = workbook['Sheet1']
        print(sheet.max_row)  # 3行
        print(sheet.max_column)  # 3列
        item = []  # 把所有行的数据放到列表中
        for i in range(2, sheet.max_row + 1):
            adict = {}  # 把每行的数据放到字典中
            for j in range(1, sheet.max_column + 1):
                adict[sheet.cell(1, j).value] = sheet.cell(i, j).value
            item.append(adict)
        return item


r = ReadExcelClass()
rr = r.readExcel()
print(rr)

"""request请求接口返回状态码"""
import requests
from readDemo.readExcel import ReadExcelClass

r = ReadExcelClass()
rr = r.readExcel()


class ExcelRequestsClass():
    def excelRequest(self):
        item = []
        for i in rr:
            if i["method"] == "get":
                res = requests.get(url=i["url"], params=i["params"])
                item.append(res.status_code)
            else:
                res = requests.post(url=i["url"], data=i["params"])
                item.append(res.status_code)
        return item


if __name__ == '__main__':
    e = ExcelRequestsClass()
    ee = e.excelRequest()
    print(ee)

"""pytest断言设置并结合allure生成测试报告"""
import os
import pytest
from useRequests.excelrequests import ExcelRequestsClass

e = ExcelRequestsClass()
ee = e.excelRequest()
for i in ee:
    print(i)


class TestExcel():
    def test_excel(self):
        for a in ee:
            assert a == 200


if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main(['--alluredir', '../reportExcel/result', 'test_excel.py'])
    split = 'allure ' + 'generate ' + '../reportExcel/result ' + '-o ' + '../reportExcel/html ' + '--clean'
    os.system(split)