【Ubuntu】Ubuntu arm64 部署 Blazor Server 应用

部署步骤

发布
安装运行环境：dotnet-sdk（必装）、aspnetcore-runtime、dotnet-runtime
安装证书
设置环境变量：临时变量、当前用户永久变量、所有用户的永久变量
运行：终端运行、后台运行

基本情况

开发系统环境

系统：Windows 10 专业版 22H2 19045.3693
开发软件IDE：Microsoft Visual Studio Community 2022 (64 位) - Current 版本 17.6.5
项目框架：Blazor Server 应用
目标框架：.NET 6.0
系统架构：x64

发布系统环境

系统：Ubuntu 20.04.6 LTS focal
架构：arm64

系统信息

lsb_release -a

No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 20.04.6 LTS
Release: 20.04
Codename: focal

查看架构

sudo dpkg  --print-architecture

arm64

二、部署

2.1 准备部署文件

2.1.1 发布

配置: Release
目标框架(F): net6.0
部署模式(M): 框架依赖
目标运行时(U): 可移植

2.1.2 打包文件 - 压缩zip

如：RSS_NCD_MINI_BlazorServer.zip

2.1.3 将打包文件从Windows拷贝到Ubuntu系统

推荐将文件放在/home/<用户>/<新建公司名/产品名>/<项目名>目录下
如：/home/signway/rsszy/webapp3/

2.1.4 释放文件 - 解压zip

打开Ubuntu终端
跳转到RSS_NCD_MINI_BlazorServer.zip所在目录

cd /home/signway/rsszy/webapp3/

使用unzip指令解压RSS_NCD_MINI_BlazorServer.zip文件

unzip RSS_NCD_MINI_BlazorServer.zip

Archive:  RSS_NCD_MINI_BlazorServer.zip
  inflating: Microsoft.IdentityModel.Protocols.OpenIdConnect.dll  
  inflating: Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.dll  
  inflating: RSS_NCD(MINI)_BlazorServer.deps.json  
  inflating: RSS_NCD(MINI)_BlazorServer.dll  
  inflating: RSS_NCD(MINI)_BlazorServer.exe  
  inflating: RSS_NCD(MINI)_BlazorServer.pdb  
  inflating: RSS_NCD(MINI)_BlazorServer.runtimeconfig.json  
  inflating: System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt.dll  
  inflating: web.config              
   creating: wwwroot/
   creating: wwwroot/css/
   creating: wwwroot/css/bootstrap/
  inflating: wwwroot/css/bootstrap/bootstrap.min.css  
  inflating: wwwroot/css/bootstrap/bootstrap.min.css.map  
   creating: wwwroot/css/open-iconic/
   creating: wwwroot/css/open-iconic/font/
   creating: wwwroot/css/open-iconic/font/css/
  inflating: wwwroot/css/open-iconic/font/css/open-iconic-bootstrap.min.css  
   creating: wwwroot/css/open-iconic/font/fonts/
  inflating: wwwroot/css/open-iconic/font/fonts/open-iconic.eot  
  inflating: wwwroot/css/open-iconic/font/fonts/open-iconic.otf  
  inflating: wwwroot/css/open-iconic/font/fonts/open-iconic.svg  
  inflating: wwwroot/css/open-iconic/font/fonts/open-iconic.ttf  
  inflating: wwwroot/css/open-iconic/font/fonts/open-iconic.woff  
  inflating: wwwroot/css/open-iconic/FONT-LICENSE  
  inflating: wwwroot/css/open-iconic/ICON-LICENSE  
  inflating: wwwroot/css/open-iconic/README.md  
  inflating: wwwroot/css/site.css    
  inflating: wwwroot/favicon.ico     
  inflating: wwwroot/RSS_NCD(MINI)_BlazorServer.styles.css  
  inflating: appsettings.Development.json  
  inflating: appsettings.json        
  inflating: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer.dll  
  inflating: Microsoft.IdentityModel.JsonWebTokens.dll  
  inflating: Microsoft.IdentityModel.Logging.dll  
  inflating: Microsoft.IdentityModel.Protocols.dll

2.2 安装框架

2.2.1 下载框架

.NET 6.0下载地址

在这里插入图片描述

aspnetcore-runtime-6.0.25-linux-arm64.tar.gz

注意：必须安装SDK,才能使用dotnet指令运行程序。

2.2.2 安装dotnet-sdk

将下载的文件拷贝到Ubuntu系统目录
推荐将文件放在/home/<用户>/<功能>/<框架名>目录下
如：/home/signway/install/dotnet/
打开终端跳转到文件目录

cd /home/signway/install/dotnet/

安装dotnet-sdk、dotnet-runtime 、aspnetcore-runtime

mkdir -p $HOME/dotnet && tar zxf dotnet-sdk-6.0.417-linux-arm64.tar.gz -C $HOME/dotnet
mkdir -p $HOME/dotnet && tar zxf dotnet-runtime-6.0.25-linux-arm64.tar.gz -C $HOME/dotnet
mkdir -p $HOME/dotnet && tar zxf aspnetcore-runtime-6.0.25-linux-arm64.tar.gz -C $HOME/dotnet
export DOTNET_ROOT=$HOME/dotnet
export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/dotnet

上述指令只会在运行它的终端生效。
你可以编辑shell配置文件以永久添加命令。Linux有几个不同的shell，每个shell都有不同的配置文件。例如：

Bash Shell: ~/.bash_profile 或 ~/.bashrc
Korn Shell: ~/.kshrc 或 .profile
Z Shell: ~/.zshrc 或 .zprofile

编辑shell的相应源文件，并在现有PATH语句的末尾添加：$HOME/dotnet。如果没有包含PATH语句，则添加一个新行，export DOTNET_ROOT=$HOME/dotnet。同时将export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/dotnet添加到文件末尾。

# ...
export DOTNET_ROOT=$HOME/dotnet
export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/dotnet

2.3 安装证书

2.3.1 安装证书

dotnet dev-certs https --trust
dotnet dev-certs https -t

signway@RK3588:~/rsszy/webapp2$ dotnet dev-certs https --trust

Trusting the HTTPS development certificate was requested. Trusting the certificate
on Linux distributions automatically is not supported. For instructions on how to
manually trust the certificate on your Linux distribution, go to
https://aka.ms/dev-certs-trust

A valid HTTPS certificate is already present.

2.3.2 未安装会出现什么情况？

The command could not be loaded, possibly because:
  * You intended to execute a .NET application:
      The application 'dev-certs' does not exist.
  * You intended to execute a .NET SDK command:
      No .NET SDKs were found.

Download a .NET SDK:
https://aka.ms/dotnet-download

Learn about SDK resolution:
https://aka.ms/dotnet/sdk-not-found

Unable to configure HTTPS endpoint. No server certificate was specified, and the default developer certificate could not be found or is out of date.

Unhandled exception. System.InvalidOperationException: Unable to configure HTTPS endpoint. No server certificate was specified, and the default developer certificate could not be found or is out of date.
To generate a developer certificate run 'dotnet dev-certs https'. To trust the certificate (Windows and macOS only) run 'dotnet dev-certs https --trust'.
For more information on configuring HTTPS see https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=848054.
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.KestrelConfigurationLoader.Reload()
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.KestrelConfigurationLoader.Load()
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core.KestrelServerImpl.BindAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core.KestrelServerImpl.StartAsync[TContext](IHttpApplication`1 application, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.GenericWebHostService.StartAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting.Internal.Host.StartAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting.HostingAbstractionsHostExtensions.RunAsync(IHost host, CancellationToken token)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting.HostingAbstractionsHostExtensions.RunAsync(IHost host, CancellationToken token)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting.HostingAbstractionsHostExtensions.Run(IHost host)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder.WebApplication.Run(String url)
   at Program.<Main>$(String[] args) in E:\SVN\RCSoft1\RSS_NCD(MINI)\RSS_NCD(MINI)_BlazorServer\RSS_NCD(MINI)_BlazorServerAPI\Program.cs:line 85
已放弃 (核心已转储)

2.4 添加环境变量

2.4.1 临时运行

每次打开终端运行以下命令来设置临时变量

export DOTNET_ROOT=$HOME/dotnet
export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/dotnet

2.4.2 永久添加 - 当前登录用户

1. 打开 ~/.bashrc文件

vi  ~/.bashrc

# ~/.bashrc: executed by bash(1) for non-login shells.
# see /usr/share/doc/bash/examples/startup-files (in the package bash-doc)
# for examples

# If not running interactively, don't do anything
case $- in
    *i*) ;;
      *) return;;
esac

# don't put duplicate lines or lines starting with space in the history.
# See bash(1) for more options
HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth

# append to the history file, don't overwrite it
shopt -s histappend

# for setting history length see HISTSIZE and HISTFILESIZE in bash(1)
HISTSIZE=1000
HISTFILESIZE=2000

# check the window size after each command and, if necessary,
# update the values of LINES and COLUMNS.
shopt -s checkwinsize

# If set, the pattern "**" used in a pathname expansion context will
# match all files and zero or more directories and subdirectories.
#shopt -s globstar

# make less more friendly for non-text input files, see lesspipe(1)
[ -x /usr/bin/lesspipe ] && eval "$(SHELL=/bin/sh lesspipe)"

# set variable identifying the chroot you work in (used in the prompt below)
if [ -z "${debian_chroot:-}" ] && [ -r /etc/debian_chroot ]; then
    debian_chroot=$(cat /etc/debian_chroot)
fi

# set a fancy prompt (non-color, unless we know we "want" color)
case "$TERM" in
    xterm-color|*-256color) color_prompt=yes;;
esac

# uncomment for a colored prompt, if the terminal has the capability; turned
# off by default to not distract the user: the focus in a terminal window
# should be on the output of commands, not on the prompt
#force_color_prompt=yes

if [ -n "$force_color_prompt" ]; then
    if [ -x /usr/bin/tput ] && tput setaf 1 >&/dev/null; then
        # We have color support; assume it's compliant with Ecma-48
        # (ISO/IEC-6429). (Lack of such support is extremely rare, and such
        # a case would tend to support setf rather than setaf.)
        color_prompt=yes
    else
        color_prompt=
    fi
fi

if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ '
else
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$ '
fi
unset color_prompt force_color_prompt

# If this is an xterm set the title to user@host:dir
case "$TERM" in
xterm*|rxvt*)
    PS1="\[\e]0;${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h: \w\a\]$PS1"
    ;;
*)
    ;;

esac

# enable color support of ls and also add handy aliases
if [ -x /usr/bin/dircolors ]; then
    test -r ~/.dircolors && eval "$(dircolors -b ~/.dircolors)" || eval "$(dircolors -b)"
    alias ls='ls --color=auto'
    #alias dir='dir --color=auto'
    #alias vdir='vdir --color=auto'

    alias grep='grep --color=auto'
    alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto'
    alias egrep='egrep --color=auto'
fi

# colored GCC warnings and errors
#export GCC_COLORS='error=01;31:warning=01;35:note=01;36:caret=01;32:locus=01:quote=01'

# some more ls aliases
alias ll='ls -alF'
alias la='ls -A'
alias l='ls -CF'

# Add an "alert" alias for long running commands.  Use like so:
#   sleep 10; alert
alias alert='notify-send --urgency=low -i "$([ $? = 0 ] && echo terminal || echo error)" "$(history|tail -n1|sed -e '\''s/^\s*[0-9]\+\s*//;s/[;&|]\s*alert$//'\'')"'

# Alias definitions.
# You may want to put all your additions into a separate file like
# ~/.bash_aliases, instead of adding them here directly.
# See /usr/share/doc/bash-doc/examples in the bash-doc package.

if [ -f ~/.bash_aliases ]; then
    . ~/.bash_aliases
fi

# enable programmable completion features (you don't need to enable
# this, if it's already enabled in /etc/bash.bashrc and /etc/profile
# sources /etc/bash.bashrc).
if ! shopt -oq posix; then
  if [ -f /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion ]; then
    . /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
  elif [ -f /etc/bash_completion ]; then
    . /etc/bash_completion
  fi
fi


export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/dotnet
export DOTNET_ROOT=$HOME/dotnet

2. 设置环境变量

按I键，退出命令模式进入编辑模式， ~/.bashrc文件末尾添加以下内容设置环境变量。

export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/dotnet
export DOTNET_ROOT=$HOME/dotnet

3. 保存退出

按Esc键，退出编辑模式进入命令模式，输入以下指令保存。

:wq!

2.4.3 永久添加 - 所有用户

1. 打开 /etc/profile文件

sudo vim /etc/profile

# /etc/profile: system-wide .profile file for the Bourne shell (sh(1))
# and Bourne compatible shells (bash(1), ksh(1), ash(1), ...).

if [ "${PS1-}" ]; then
  if [ "${BASH-}" ] && [ "$BASH" != "/bin/sh" ]; then
    # The file bash.bashrc already sets the default PS1.
    # PS1='\h:\w\$ '
    if [ -f /etc/bash.bashrc ]; then
      . /etc/bash.bashrc
    fi
  else
    if [ "`id -u`" -eq 0 ]; then
      PS1='# '
    else
      PS1='$ '
    fi
  fi
fi

if [ -d /etc/profile.d ]; then
  for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh; do
    if [ -r $i ]; then
      . $i
    fi
  done
  unset i
fi

2. 设置环境变量

按I键，退出命令模式进入编辑模式， ~/.bashrc文件末尾添加以下内容设置环境变量。

export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/dotnet
export DOTNET_ROOT=$HOME/dotnet

3. 保存退出

按Esc键，退出编辑模式进入命令模式，输入以下指令保存。

:wq!

4. 重新加载

执行以下指令生效

source /etc/profile

2.4.4 查看设置的环境变量

1 只看`PATH`变量

echo $PATH

/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/snap/bin:/home/signway/dotnet

2 查看所有环境变量

env

SHELL=/bin/bash
SESSION_MANAGER=local/RK3588:@/tmp/.ICE-unix/20779,unix/RK3588:/tmp/.ICE-unix/20779
QT_ACCESSIBILITY=1
COLORTERM=truecolor
XDG_MENU_PREFIX=gnome-
GNOME_DESKTOP_SESSION_ID=this-is-deprecated
GNOME_KEYRING_CONTROL=/home/signway/.cache/keyring-ZRVEE2
DOTNET_ROOT=/home/signway/dotnet
SSH_AUTH_SOCK=/home/signway/.cache/keyring-ZRVEE2/ssh
XMODIFIERS=@im=ibus
SSH_AGENT_PID=20915
GTK_MODULES=gail:atk-bridge
PWD=/home/signway
LOGNAME=signway
XDG_SESSION_TYPE=x11
GPG_AGENT_INFO=/run/user/1000/gnupg/S.gpg-agent:0:1
PULSE_SCRIPT=/etc/xrdp/pulse/default.pa
HOME=/home/signway
LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
LS_COLORS=rs=0:di=01;34:ln=01;36:mh=00:pi=40;33:so=01;35:do=01;35:bd=40;33;01:cd=40;33;01:or=40;31;01:mi=00:su=37;41:sg=30;43:ca=30;41:tw=30;42:ow=34;42:st=37;44:ex=01;32:*.tar=01;31:*.tgz=01;31:*.arc=01;31:*.arj=01;31:*.taz=01;31:*.lha=01;31:*.lz4=01;31:*.lzh=01;31:*.lzma=01;31:*.tlz=01;31:*.txz=01;31:*.tzo=01;31:*.t7z=01;31:*.zip=01;31:*.z=01;31:*.dz=01;31:*.gz=01;31:*.lrz=01;31:*.lz=01;31:*.lzo=01;31:*.xz=01;31:*.zst=01;31:*.tzst=01;31:*.bz2=01;31:*.bz=01;31:*.tbz=01;31:*.tbz2=01;31:*.tz=01;31:*.deb=01;31:*.rpm=01;31:*.jar=01;31:*.war=01;31:*.ear=01;31:*.sar=01;31:*.rar=01;31:*.alz=01;31:*.ace=01;31:*.zoo=01;31:*.cpio=01;31:*.7z=01;31:*.rz=01;31:*.cab=01;31:*.wim=01;31:*.swm=01;31:*.dwm=01;31:*.esd=01;31:*.jpg=01;35:*.jpeg=01;35:*.mjpg=01;35:*.mjpeg=01;35:*.gif=01;35:*.bmp=01;35:*.pbm=01;35:*.pgm=01;35:*.ppm=01;35:*.tga=01;35:*.xbm=01;35:*.xpm=01;35:*.tif=01;35:*.tiff=01;35:*.png=01;35:*.svg=01;35:*.svgz=01;35:*.mng=01;35:*.pcx=01;35:*.mov=01;35:*.mpg=01;35:*.mpeg=01;35:*.m2v=01;35:*.mkv=01;35:*.webm=01;35:*.ogm=01;35:*.mp4=01;35:*.m4v=01;35:*.mp4v=01;35:*.vob=01;35:*.qt=01;35:*.nuv=01;35:*.wmv=01;35:*.asf=01;35:*.rm=01;35:*.rmvb=01;35:*.flc=01;35:*.avi=01;35:*.fli=01;35:*.flv=01;35:*.gl=01;35:*.dl=01;35:*.xcf=01;35:*.xwd=01;35:*.yuv=01;35:*.cgm=01;35:*.emf=01;35:*.ogv=01;35:*.ogx=01;35:*.aac=00;36:*.au=00;36:*.flac=00;36:*.m4a=00;36:*.mid=00;36:*.midi=00;36:*.mka=00;36:*.mp3=00;36:*.mpc=00;36:*.ogg=00;36:*.ra=00;36:*.wav=00;36:*.oga=00;36:*.opus=00;36:*.spx=00;36:*.xspf=00;36:
XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP=GNOME
VTE_VERSION=6003
XRDP_SOCKET_PATH=/run/xrdp/sockdir
XRDP_PULSE_SOURCE_SOCKET=xrdp_chansrv_audio_in_socket_10
GNOME_TERMINAL_SCREEN=/org/gnome/Terminal/screen/af8cf72d_9406_4502_87df_7737e813f8a2
LESSCLOSE=/bin/lesspipe %s %s
XDG_SESSION_CLASS=user
TERM=xterm-256color
LESSOPEN=| /bin/lesspipe %s
USER=signway
GNOME_TERMINAL_SERVICE=:1.393
XRDP_SESSION=1
DISPLAY=:10.0
XRDP_PULSE_SINK_SOCKET=xrdp_chansrv_audio_out_socket_10
SHLVL=1
QT_IM_MODULE=ibus
XDG_DATA_DIRS=/usr/share/gnome:/usr/local/share:/usr/share:/var/lib/snapd/desktop
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/snap/bin:/home/signway/dotnet
DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=unix:abstract=/tmp/dbus-LY2CUzKESO,guid=88d0510cbc94cdf2015ed92765542918
UID=1000
_=/bin/env

2.5 运行

**注意：一定要到根目录下运行，不要使用全路径，不然一些资源加载不了导致页面显示不正常**

2.5.1 临时变量运行程序

export DOTNET_ROOT=$HOME/dotnet
export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/dotnet
cd /home/signway/rsszy/webapp2/
dotnet 'RSS_NCD(MINI)_BlazorServer.dll'

2.5.2 永久变量运行程序

cd /home/signway/rsszy/webapp2/
dotnet 'RSS_NCD(MINI)_BlazorServer.dll'

signway@RK3588:~$ cd /home/signway/rsszy/webapp2/
signway@RK3588:~/rsszy/webapp2$ 
signway@RK3588:~/rsszy/webapp2$ dotnet 'RSS_NCD(MINI)_BlazorServer.dll'
info: Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime[14]
      Now listening on: http://[::]:9002
info: Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime[14]
      Now listening on: https://[::]:9003
info: Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime[0]
      Application started. Press Ctrl+C to shut down.
info: Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime[0]
      Hosting environment: Production
info: Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime[0]
      Content root path: /home/signway/rsszy/webapp2/

2.5.3 永久变量静默运行（后台运行）

cd /home/signway/rsszy/webapp2/
nohup dotnet 'RSS_NCD(MINI)_BlazorServer.dll' > /dev/null 2>&1 &

signway@RK3588:~/rsszy/webapp2$ cd /home/signway/rsszy/webapp2/
signway@RK3588:~/rsszy/webapp2$ 
signway@RK3588:~/rsszy/webapp2$ nohup dotnet 'RSS_NCD(MINI)_BlazorServer.dll' > /dev/null 2>&1 &
[1] 70286
signway@RK3588:~/rsszy/webapp2$

2.5.4 查看后台运行

ps aux | grep <运行程序名称>

ps aux | grep BlazorServer

signway@RK3588:~/rsszy/webapp2$ ps aux | grep BlazorServer
signway    70286  0.6  2.2 24527624 90396 pts/2  Sl   17:59   0:01 dotnet RSS_NCD(MINI)_BlazorServer.dll
signway    70327  0.0  0.0  11664   664 pts/2    S+   18:03   0:00 grep --color=auto BlazorServer

2.5.5 终止运行程序

kill <PID>

kill 70286

signway@RK3588:~/rsszy/webapp2$ kill 70286
signway@RK3588:~/rsszy/webapp2$

2.5.6 强制终止运行程序

kill -9 <PID>

kill -9 70286

signway@RK3588:~/rsszy/webapp2$ kill -9 70336
signway@RK3588:~/rsszy/webapp2$

部署步骤

基本情况

开发系统环境

发布系统环境

系统信息

查看架构

二、部署

2.1 准备部署文件

2.1.1 发布

2.1.2 打包文件 - 压缩zip

2.1.3 将打包文件从Windows拷贝到Ubuntu系统

2.1.4 释放文件 - 解压zip

2.2 安装框架

2.2.1 下载框架

2.2.2 安装dotnet-sdk

2.3 安装证书

2.3.1 安装证书

2.3.2 未安装会出现什么情况？

2.4 添加环境变量

2.4.1 临时运行

2.4.2 永久添加 - 当前登录用户

1. 打开 ~/.bashrc文件

2. 设置环境变量

3. 保存退出

2.4.3 永久添加 - 所有用户

1. 打开 /etc/profile文件

2. 设置环境变量

3. 保存退出

4. 重新加载

2.4.4 查看设置的环境变量

1 只看PATH变量

2 查看所有环境变量

2.5 运行

2.5.1 临时变量运行程序

2.5.2 永久变量运行程序

2.5.3 永久变量静默运行（后台运行）

2.5.4 查看后台运行

2.5.5 终止运行程序

2.5.6 强制终止运行程序

1 只看`PATH`变量